Yogyakarta, Kemendikbud - Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan (Mendikbud), Anies Baswedan mengaku terhenyak saat berjalan-jalan di toko buku menemukan ada kartu baca untuk bayi delapan bulan. Pernah juga ia melihat buku seputar persiapan tes masuk TK (Taman Kanak-kanak) yang dijual di toko buku tersebut.
“Anak TK masuk dengan tes?” tanya Mendikbud dalam Seminar Nasional Kurikulum Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) di Yogyakarta, Kamis (28/5). Di hadapan lebih dari 6.300 pendidik PAUD dari 19 provinsi di Indonesia, Mendikbud mengungkapkan, banyaknya buku semacam itu membuat orang tua merasa takut anaknya akan tertinggal, bahkan terbelakang, jika tidak diberikan materi pendidikan sebanyak mungkin di usia dini. “Jangan sampai anak-anak kita dibekali dengan target-target pendidikan yang rumit. Tugas kita adalah menyadarkan bahwa ini adalah masa mereka meneruskan karakter pembelajar.
Memberikan mereka kesempatan untuk bermain,” tutur Mendikbud. Dalam buku yang pernah ditulis Bapak Pendidikan Nasional, Ki Hajar Dewantara, disebutkan bahwa bermain adalah tuntutan jiwa anak untuk menuju arah kemajuan hidup jasmani maupun rohani. Mendikbud menambahkan, di Taman Kanak-kanak itulah harus dipastikan kurikulum yang diterapkan membuat proses belajar semakin menyenangkan bagi semua anak usia dini. “Karenanya kita harus jauhkan anak dari apa yang disebutkan oleh Ki Hajar Dewantara adalah dasar-dasar pendidikan kolonial, yaitu perintah dan hukuman. Gaya pendidikan semacam itu justru akan mengoyak batin anak, rusak budi pekertinya, karena selalu di bawah paksaan dan hukuman yang sering kali tidak setimpal dengan kesalahan yang dilakukan,” ungkapnya membacakan apa yang pernah ditulis Ki Hajar Dewantara. Sebaliknya, lanjut Mendikbud mengutip tulisan Ki Hajar, mendidik anak seharusnya dengan ketertiban dan tata tentram yang mampu menjaga kelangsungan batin anak. Tetapi anak juga tidak boleh dibiarkan terlalu bebas.
Hal yang perlu dilakukan adalah tetap mengamati dan membimbing anak sehingga tumbuh sesuai kondratnya sendiri. “Sudahkah kita sebagai pendidik, orang tua, dan masyarakat menyadari konsep Bapak Pendidikan ini? Bukankah kita ingin agar anak-anak kita tumbuh besar sesuai zamannya, bukan tumbuh besar sekadar membuat kita yang mendidik merasa puas.
Puas hari ini belum tentu baik di masa depan,” katanya. Sementara itu, Gubernur Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono X yang juga hadir membuka kegiatan seminar nasional tersebut mengatakan, persepsi tentang PAUD seharusnya diluruskan.
Harus disadari PAUD bukan untuk mendinikan sekolah dengan mengajarkan hal-hal yang belum saatnya. PAUD semestinya disesuaikan dengan tahap perkembangan dan potensi anak dan diajarkan melalui cara bermain agar tidak merampas hak anak. “PAUD di Indonesia memiliki keunikan yang disebut holistik dan integratif. Harapan saya agar PAUD bisa melakukan assessment bakat dan minat peserta didik, agar anak bisa diarahkan sesuai potensinya,” ujarnya.
(Ratih Anbarini). Learning Chinese does not have to be dry or difficult.
To share 10 ways to help your kids start loving Chinese. Be patient and encouraging The first and most important tip: realising that getting comfortable with Chinese takes time, especially if your kid currently lacks confidence in Chinese. The process of helping your kid love learning Chinese will takes months, not weeks. So when your child refuses to read a Chinese book or speak Mandarin at the start, do not worry or express displeasure as this is normal.
Instead, praise your kid for baby steps (e.g. Saying a word in Chinese) and encourage him or her to keep on trying. Read Chinese books with your kids Reading helps kids develop a love for languages and is an important step to helping them become effectively bilingual and confident Mandarin speakers. Select wholesome and age appropriate books – good quality picture books help pique interest in younger kids, while a strong plot will keep older kids enthralled.
Start introducing Chinese books into bedtime reading sessions and soon habit will become second nature! Parents who cannot read Chinese or struggle with the language should not be left out – they can read electronic books where voiceover and text highlighting help overcome this challenge. Sing your way to success Songs are a great way to encourage kids to develop interest and an ear for the language.
Younger kids are drawn to music which they can sing and dance to, while older kids are likely to benefit from wholesome Chinese songs. Use Chinese cartoons as a tool Kids love watching animation so do help them by selecting good educational Chinese cartoons. Use them as tools to encourage conversation, rather than passive entertainment. For instance, when watching a YouTube video with your kid, pause the video at regular intervals to ask leading questions in Chinese (“What are they doing? Who do you like best) and encourage your kid to reply in Chinese. Challenge your kids Kids love to win, so why not a Mandarin challenge? One easy way is to get your kids to read to you – this helps build oral confidence and word recognition skills simultaneously.
It works well for non-Chinese students too – one of our Malay students loves to read to her mother and is happy to help correct her pronunciation! Cute child using a megaphone in a classroom 6. Make speaking Chinese a game Kids also respond well when properly motivated.
In our classes, we award students with digital gold coins when they behave well and participate enthusiastically, which can be exchanged for stickers. A similar system can be easily implemented at home. Do not to penalise your kids for wrong answers as it would discourage them from speaking more Mandarin. Let’s get creative Kids all learn differently so let’s get creative. For example, throw away the boring flashcard to teach “Apple” and get your child to paint or draw the fruit instead. Keep all their art works for an original picture dictionary! If your kid likes games, why not learn word recognition using snakes and ladders – with a twist.
Before taking turns to throw the dice, quiz your kids using word cards. If they recognise the word, they can throw and move. If they don’t, you get to move.
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Do remember to coach them if they forget. Within a few rounds, the desire to win will definitely improve their memory. Make Chinese a part of your daily life If your child becomes used to speaking only English at home, it can be difficult to change. Start by weaving Mandarin into daily life – such as a set hour where the family communicates only in Chinese (and to sweeten the deal tie this hour to their favourite play time or activities). Or when out and about, consciously point out street names and places of interest etc in Chinese.
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For example, when you are next at the zoo, add 长颈鹿, after saying giraffe. Help your kids appreciate Chinese language and culture It’s easy to believe that Mandarin is all about drilling, spelling and word exercises. But your kids are missing out on the charming Chinese language, culture and history.
Change that by sharing interesting stories about how Chinese words came about with your younger kids while older children might like to hear about the origins of idioms or mythological characters. Immerse your kids in Chinese And what better way to appreciate Chinese language and culture than to travel to China or Taiwan? It is a great way to immerse your children in the rich culture and have them experience first hand how useful it is to learn Chinese! Sebelum anak memasuki masa puber, daya pikirnya lebih fleksibel dan gampang menyerap pengetahuan baru. Maka lebih mudah bagi anak untuk belajar bahasa asing ketika ia masih belia.
Namun ada beberapa pedoman bagi orangtua yang ingin mendidik anak belajar bahasa asing, seperti yang ditulis di dalam buku Bunga Rampai Psikologi Perkembangan: Dari Anak Sampai Usia Lanjut karya Prof. Gunarsa, yaitu: 1.
Memberikan lingkungan yang tepat Caranya adalah dengan “mengekspos” anak sedekat mungkin dengan bahasa asing yang akan ia pelajari. Ini bisa dilakukan dengan cara sering berbicara dengan anak (dengan menggunakan bahasa asing), membiarkan anak berbicara dengan bahasa asing tersebut dan kita dapat membetulkannya bila ia salah mengucapkan, menyediakan buku-buku, lagu, dan film-film dalam bahasa asing.
Gambar Isi Buku Belajar Membaca Anak
Berbicara dengan anak-anak dalam bahasa yang sama Artinya, bila kita mempunyai dua anak dan kita ingin membiasakan mereka berbicara dalam bahasa Inggris, kita harus berbicara bahasa Inggris dengan keduanya. Amat tidak baik bila kita, misalnya, berbicara bahasa Indonesia dengan anak pertama dan bahasa Inggris dengan anak kedua. Akibat yang dapat terjadi adalah anak yang satu akan merasa tersisih bila kita sedang berbicara dengan yang lain. Hal ini akan membuat hubungan kedua saudara itu menjadi tidak baik. Perkembangan emosi mereka pun akhirnya akan menjadi tidak sehat. Hindari mengganti bahasa secara tiba-tiba pada anak Misalnya, kita terbiasa menggunakan bahasa Indonesia, kemudian kita tiba-tiba berbicara bahasa Inggris pada anak, atau kita terbiasa berbicara Inggris padanya kemudian kita berubah dan berbicara bahasa Perancis. Bila kita ingin anak berbicara bahasa Inggris, anak dapat kita sekolahkan ke sekolah bilingual dengan bahasa Inggris.
Guru yang baik akan dapat mengerti kebutuhan anak dan mengerti cara mengajarkan bahasa asing yang baik bagi anak. Setelah anak terbiasa mendengar bahasa ini di sekolah, barulah kita memakainya di rumah. Jangan memaksakan bilingual pada anak Bila anak terlihat stres atau tidak bahagia, jangan diteruskan. Mungkin bisa kita coba lagi saat mereka sudah lebih besar. Sementara itu, kita dapat memupuk ketertarikan anak untuk mempelajari bahasa tersebut dengan cara memperlihatkan buku atau film dengan bahasa asing.
Nah, itu tadi beberapa pedoman bagi orangtua yang ingin mendidik anak belajar bahasa asing. Semoga bermanfaat.
Bahasa merupakan alat komunikasi bagi setiap orang, termasuk anak-anak. Anak dapat mengembangkan kemampuan sosialnya (social skill) melalui berbahasa.
Keterampilan bergaul dalam lingkungan sosial dimulai dengan penguasaan kemampuan berbahasa. Melalui bahasa, Anak dapat mengekspresikan pikirannya menggunakan bahasa sehingga orang lain dapat menangkap apa yang dipikirkan oleh anak dan menciptakan suatu hubungan sosial. Jadi, tidaklah mengherankan bahwa bahasa dianggap sebagai salah satu indikator kesuksesan seorang anak. Anak yang dianggap banyak berbicara, kadang merupakan cerminan anak yang cerdas. Sebelum mempelajari pengetahuan lain, anak perlu menggunakan bahasa agar dapat memahami dengan baik. Anak akan dapat mengembangkan kemampuannya dalam bidang pengucapan bunyi, menulis, membaca yang sangat mendukung keberaksaraan di tingkat yang lebih tinggi. Bahasa yang pertama dikenali anak adalah bahasa ibu.
Maka dari itu pemerolehan bahasa merupakan proses yang berlangsung didalam otak seorang anak-anak ketika ia memperoleh bahasa pertamanya atau bahasa ibunya. Ada dua proses yang terjadi ketika anak-anak sedang memperoleh bahasa pertamanya, yaitu: proses kompetensi (penguasaan bahasa yang berlangsung tanpa disadari) dan proses performasi (kemampuan melahirkan kalimat-kalimat sendiri). Berbagai pendapat tentang teori pengembangan bahasa dikemukakan oleh para ahli. Pemahaman akan berbagai teori pengembangan bahasa dapat memengaruhi penerapan metode implementasi terhadap pengembangan bahasa anak, sehingga diharapkan pendidik mampu mencari dan membuat bahan pengajaran yang sesuai dengan tingkat usia anak. Beberapa teori mengenai hal ini antara lain: 1. Teori “Behaviorist” oleh Skinner. Teori ini pertama kali dimunculkan oleh John B.Watson (1878-1958).
Dia mengembangkan teori Stimulus-Respons Bons yang telah diperkenalkan oleh Ivan P.Pavlov yang berusaha untuk menunjukkan bagaimana belajar dapat mempengaruhi perilaku yang selama ini disangka refleksif dan tidak dapat dikendalikan. Ratna Wilis Dahar, M.Sc, 18). Kaum behaviorisme menekankan bahwa proses perkembangan bahasa karena adanya rangsangan yang diberikan melalui lingkungan. Teori “Nativist” oleh Chomsky” Menurut Chomsky sebagai penganut nativisme, bahasa hanya dapat dikuasai oleh manusia, sedangkan binatang tidak mungkin dapat menguasai bahasa manusia. Kaum Nativis juga berpendapat bahwa bahasa adalah bawaan genetic dari lahir dan tidak ada pengaruh dari lingkungan 3.
Teori “Constructive” oleh Piaget Jean Piaget (1954) menyatakan bahwa bahasa itu bukanlah suatu ciri alamiah yang terpisah, melainkan salah satu di antara beberapa kemampuan yang berasal dari kematangan kognitif. Schaerleakens (1977) membagi fase-fase perkembangan bahasa anak dalam empat periode.
Perbedaan fase-fase ini berdasrkana pada ciri-ciri tertentu yang khas pada setiap periode. Adapun periode-periode tersebut sebagai berikut: Periode Prelingual (usia 0 - 1 tahun) Pada periode ini anak mempunyai bahasa sendiri, misalnya mengoceh sebagai ganti komunikasi dengan orang lain. Contohnya baba,mama, tata. Periode Lingual Dini (1 - 2,5 tahun) Pada periode ini anak mulai mengucapkan perkataannya yang pertama, meskipun belum lengkap. Misalnya: atit (sakit), agi (lagi), itut (ikut), atoh (jatuh). Pada masa ini beberapa kombinasi huruf masih sukar diucapkan, juga beberapa huruf masih sukar untuk diucapkan seperti r, s, k, j, dan t. Periode Diferensiasi (usia 2,5 - 5 tahun) Yang menyolok pada periode ini adalah keterampilan anak dalam mengadakan diferensiasi dalam penggunaan kata-kata dan kalimat-kalimat.
Perbendaharaan kata sedikit demi sedikit mulai berkembang.Kata benda dan karta kerja mulai lebih terdiferensiasi dalam pemakaiannya, hal ini ditandai dengan penggunaan kata depan, kata ganti dan kata kerja bantu. Perkembangan bahasa sesudah usia 5 tahun. Dalam periode ini ada anak dianggap telah menguasai struktur sintaksis dalam bahasa pertamanya, sehingga ia dapat membuat kalimat lengkap. Bahasa Mandarin digunakan oleh lebih dari satu miliar orang di seluruh dunia sehingga mempelajari bahasa ini akan memungkinkan kita berkomunikasi lancar dengan seperlima populasi dunia.
Peminat Bahasa Mandarin di Indonesia pun semakin meningkat. Kini, banyak sekolah di Indonesia yang mengajarkan Bahasa Mandarin sebagai muatan lokal dan diajarkan dari mulai tingkat sekolah bermain hingga tingkat sekolah menengah atas. Dalam pembelajaran bahasa mandarin khusus nya bagi anak kelompok bermain pun harus dibuat menyenangkan agar dapat meningkatkan minat belajar pada anak. Metode Belajar Bahasa Mandarin yang menyenangkan itu bisa dengan berbagai macam cara seperti: Ilustrasi / gambar sederhana yang menarik seperti kartu bergambar. Kita dapat mengajak anak bersama-sama mengucapkan dan menebak –nebak gambar pada kartu dalam bahasa mandarin. Bentuk permainan akan membangkitkan anak-anak untuk lebih mudah belajar Bahasa Mandarin Bernyanyi dalam bahasa mandarin.
Mengajak anak bernyanyi lagu anak-anak dalam bahasa mandarin. Dan juga tidak lupa menggabungkan nyanyian dengan gerakan yang dapat mengajak minat anak ikut bernyanyi.
Bercerita dalam bahasa mandarin Metode bercerita adalah pembelajaran secara lisan dalam bentuk cerita kepada anak. Metode ini tentunya dapat membantu jenis kepribadian anak yang bermacam-macam dalam mengembangkan pola pikir anak., dan ini tentunyan membutuhkan keterampilan yang tepat untuk membangun suasana dalam bercerita. Pengenalan angka dan karakter –karakter mandarin dengan gambar. Dengan mengasosiasikan karakter-karakter mandarin dengan gambar maka akan memudahkan anak-anak untuk mengingat, membaca dan menuliskan karakter Mandarin. Berbicara dalam bahasa mandarin. Sebagai pengenalan, kita bisa mengajak anak untuk berbicara mandarin dengan kalimat yang pendek sederhana. Ajak anak berbicara mandarin ketika mereka hendak ingin melakukan sesuatu atau meminta ijin.
Contoh: 老师你好。 Lao shi ni hao Hallo miss!! 早安 Zao an Selamat pagi! 我要喝水。 Wo yao he shui. Saya mau minum. 我要洗手。 Wo yao xi shou Saya mau cuci tangan Metode – metode tersebut hanya-lah contoh sebagian kecil dari cara pembelajaran dan pengembangan bahasa mandarin terhadap anak, terutama anak kelompok bermain. Yang terpenting kita sebagai pendidik harus dapat membangun suasana belajar yang menyenangkan sehingga anak bisa dapat terus menyukai belajar bahasa mandarin baik secara lisan dan tulisan. Semoga bahasa mandarin bisa dikuasai generasi anak bangsa indonesia kita sejak dini agar siap menghadapi persaingan global di masa depan mereka.
Informasi lebih lanjut, kunjungi website kami sekarang di. Why every kid should learn Mandarin Chinese? There’s no disputing that Chinese classes are appearing more often on school curriculum around the world. There are many reasons why Chinese – especially Mandarin – is a great language to learn; including the fact that China’s economy has exploded in the last 20 years. However, it’s not just China’s growing economy and global status that makes Mandarin a good language to learn, it also has lots of other benefits, that can be especially advantageous for kids. Improves cognitive ability – Learning and becoming proficient in Mandarin has been proven to increase a person’s cognitive strength.
This is because, unlike most other languages, Mandarin requires the use of both sides of the brain (Wellcome Trust UK, June 2003), especially if you learn how to both read and write it! That means that Mandarin speakers tend to be proficient at both logical and creative thinking, giving them a head start in almost every school subject. Improves problem-solving skills – Chinese characters can seem like random lines on a piece of paper to those who have never studied the language however, all the components of the characters each have their own meaning or significance.
Learning to differentiate between the different radicals, sound particles and meaning particles of a character to establish its meaning and pronunciation requires excellent problem-solving skills. Improves mathematics skills – The reason for this one might not be immediately obvious but, according to research done in 2001 by White et al, people who are able to read and write Mandarin have better all-round mathematics skills than those who can only read and write Roman languages. The researchers stipulate that this is probably because numeracy skills are deeply embedded into Chinese character writing. If you learn to write characters correctly, you need to be able to know or count the number of strokes, be aware of the correct stroke order, be able group characters and sections of characters into similar meanings and become proficient at recognising the similarities and differences between the different characters – all transferable skills to mathematics. Improved motor skills – Not only does character writing improve numeracy, it also improves motor skills and spatial awareness. This is because, unlike in languages that use the Roman alphabet where you write left to write, writing Chinese characters correctly requires hand movements in all directions – up, down, left and right. You also need good spatial awareness to make sure that each character is around the same size, no matter how many strokes it takes to write it.
Why learn Chinese China calligraphyBetter health in old age – One of the biggest benefits to anyone learning Chinese, not just kids, is the effects it has on brain health in later life. Because learning and speaking Chinese is such a great work out for almost all areas of the brain, it has been proven to reduce the chances of developing dementia, Alzheimer’s and other related illnesses in later life.
So, not only will learning Chinese give your kid a head start when it comes to finding a job once they’ve grown up, becoming proficient in the language also benefits their education and their health in later life. If you didn’t have a good reason to send them to learn Mandarin before, you certainly do now! For more information, visit our website now. Sekolah Pelita Harapan (SPH) is a group of private co-educational schools in Indonesia with a Christian affiliation, serving grades K–12. The school was established in 1993 and is among the most selective private schools in Jakarta, with graduates routinely departing for highly selective universities overseas. The school has three primary campuses in Lippo Village, Kemang village, Sentul City, and Lippo Cikarang. It has recently opened campuses in Kemang and Pluit (kindergarten).
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JIS has three campuses, two solely for elementary students in Pattimura and Pondok Indah, and one much bigger and considered the main campus for junior high and high school students in Cilandak, South Jakarta. The school changed its name to Jakarta Intercultural School from Jakarta International School in 2014 to comply with the Indonesian government's regulations on prohibiting the use of word 'international' in school names. Additional information: Premium private Mandarin tutor in Jakarta www.jagomandarin.com. Wajah Melissa Karim sudah akrab dilihat sebagai presenter dan MC (master of ceremony).
Selain celetukan yang khas, wajah orientalnya menjadi ciri. Toh begitu, ia mengaku punya pengalaman yang membuatnya menyesal tidak serius ketika belajar bahasa Mandarin. “Dari dulu tuh sudah kursus segala macam dari SD, tapi kayaknya memang nggak bakat ya. Sudah gonta-ganti guru juga.
Yang susah itu memang tulisannya, susah, aku nggak ngerti,” ungkap Melissa. “Aku juga menyesal kok nggak bisa bahasa Mandarin. Aku pengen ya, kalau greeting saja dikit-dikit sih bisa, tapi karena bentukannya kan ini bentukan China,” lanjut pemain film Berbagi Suami, Langit Biru dan Arisan!2 ini Ada pengalaman lucu saat didaulat menjadi MC di sebuah acara pernikahan. Dia pernah ditegur oleh tamu undangan keturunan China yang paham betul urusan bahasa Mandarin.
Saat itu dirinya mencoba-coba membawakan acara dengan menggunakan bahasa Mandarin, namun logatnya dirasa aneh. “Aku pernah lho isi acara gitu di luar kota, disuruh pakai bahasa China greeting-nya. Eh pas aku cing cong-an saja. Terus ada bapak-bapak China nyamperin bilang ‘Kamu China dari mana? Logatnya salah tuh.
Gara-gara itu aku sangat berhati-hati,” kenangnya. Meski begitu, tak ada yang bisa menyangkal kesuksesan Melissa menjadi presenter.
Bahkan belakangan, istri pembaca berita Ralph Tampubolon itu makin eksis membawakan acara. “Banyak latihan dan persiapan matang adalah kunci penting bagi MC. Karena siapapun kalau punya minat di bidang public speaking pasti bisa menjadi MC. Tetapi, tetap harus banyak latihan. Jam terbang memiliki peran penting,” terangnya berbagi tips. Kini, Melissa tengah menikmati sebagai ibu dari Lucius Jazz Tikvatenu.
Untuk urusan nambah momongan, tanpa ragu-ragu Melissa menjawab tidak. “Sejauh ini masih bahagia dengan 1 anak, sekolah mahal bro,” katanya. “Lately, aku lihat, KB (Keluarga Berencana) agak kedodoran bagi kebanyakan masyarakat. Mereka punya banyak anak dan lebih dari 2, jaraknya juga deket. Mungkin benar, kata para dokter, bahwa meskipun orang Indonesia tahu KB, tapi penggunaannya belum tentu paham.”. Mark Zuckerberg berusaha menarik simpati penduduk Cina dengan menggunakan bahasa Mandarin ketika berkunjung ke Beijing. Zuckerberg berkunjung ke ibu kota Cina itu pekan ini sebagai anggota dewan penasihat yang baru ditunjuk di Universitas Tsinghua.
Untuk memenuhi sebagian perannya sebagai anggota dewan penasihat, ia bertatap muka dengan mahasiswa selama sekitar 30 menit. Dalam pertemuan itu, pendiri Facebook menggunakan bahasa Mandarin. Namun kecakapan Zuckerberg dalam bahasa Mandarin mendapat reaksi beragam dari penutur bahasa asli.
Sebuah situs berita setempat menyebut percakapan Zuckerberg seolah 'seseorang menginjak mukanya'. Keluarga istri Beberapa orang lainnya lebih bersimpati kepadanya. 'CEO ini begitu keren sehingga saya ingin menangis,' tulis seorang pengguna media sosial. Meskipun sebagian orang sepakat bahwa pengucapan Zuckerberg belum lancar, sebagian orang terkesan karena ia berusaha menggunakan bahasa Mandarin. Zuckerberg, yang menikah dengan warga Amerika keturunan Cina Priscilla Chan, menetapkan target sendiri untuk belajar Mandarin pada 2010. Salah satu alasannya adalah agar ia bisa berkomunikasi dengan keluarga istrinya. Tetapi Facebook sebagai perusahaan juga ingin sekali meningkatkan hubungan dengan Cina.
Pihak berwenang sampai sekarang masih melarang jejaring sosial tersebut. Learn Basic Mandarin with Simple Chinese Dialogs One of the best ways to learn basic Mandarin is to start listening to simple Chinese dialogs - conversations that contain Chinese phrases, words and patterns that come up again and again in real communication with native speakers. Take some time to dig into these super-practical dialogs that follow. Besides containing a lot of key language that you are bound to run into repeatedly, there are also nuggets of clues about Chinese culture embedded between the lines.
They are organized around a theme - namely that of being busy or talking about what's been up 'recently'. These are great Chinese ice-breakers, or general conversation starters when speaking to Mandarin speakers. The government, business leaders and probably your parents (if you’re at school) will tell you it’s good to learn Mandarin Chinese, but the language’s reputation as impossible may make you balk at the challenge. Weicong Liang, Chinese Instructor and Teaching Supervisor at the Business Confucius Institute, University of Leeds, demystifies. In my experience, most British students are gifted in learning languages and are usually sensitive to Asian culture.
This is their biggest advantage when learning Chinese. It is however understandable that some learners think Chinese is a difficult language. In the UK, Chinese is not the first foreign language choice, while European languages such as French, Spanish and German are much more popular.
Grammar Chinese grammar is in many ways similar to English grammar. A simple Chinese sentence structure consists of a subject, a predicate and an object.
For example, ‘I wash my hands’ in Chinese is 我 Wo (I) 洗 xi (wash) 手 shou (hands). Chinese gammar is even simpler in some ways. For instance, the Chinese language does not have different forms based on gender, or singular/plural. There are some differences between Chinese and English, but it is not hard to trace the clue and bridge the gap. A major difference between the two languages is that there are a lot of measure words in Chinese. The place and use of measure words in Chinese are similar to how the English word ‘piece’ is placed and used in the phrase ‘a piece of paper’. Although most objects (‘paper’, in this case) have their own measure words, objects of the same kind or with similar characteristics use the same measure words.
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For instance, 纸 zhi (paper), 报纸 baozhi (newspaper), 照片 zhaopian (photo), 画儿 huar (painting) and 邮票 youpiao (stamp) share the measure word 张 zhang (piece). Even 床 chuang (bed) uses the same measure word, ‘zhang’, because those objects all have a flat surface. Characters Another major difference is the characters. Let’s take 人 (ren) as an example. A single 人 means a person, a human being.
Two 人 make a new character, 从 (cong), which means to follow (one person followed by another person). Three 人 make 众, which means the masses or a crowd. Likewise, a single 木 means a tree or wood.
Two 木 make 林, meaning woods. Three 木 make 森, which means a forest. We can build more complex Chinese characters by learning basic components and single-structure characters step by step. It is like we learn various English words by starting from the 26 letters. Pronunciation Pronunciation is not a problem for British students. Over the 60 freshmen I’ve been teaching are beginners. None of them has trouble pronouncing Chinese (those whose mother tongue is French or Italian often have more difficulties).
What most British students may find difficult are the four tones, which they don’t have in English. But you can solve this problem with practice, and I believe it can be done within the first semester at university. What you can do after six months to a year of learning Mandarin Chinese Usually, after six months’ study, most students can independently pass customs at a Chinese airport, make appointments with friends, ask for directions, take public transport, order food in canteens, bargain in the mall or markets, make hotel reservations, talk about the weather, buy travel tickets or film tickets, describe things and express their interests and opinions. Some students can even travel without guidance to other East Asian countries linguistically related to Chinese (e.g.
Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand and so on). If a British learner spends enough time learning Chinese for one year, she or he can even directly enter a university in China.
Thousands of primary school children in England will benefit from the opportunity to learn Mandarin Chinese and study Chinese culture as part of the new five-year initiative, Mandarin Chinese for Primary Schools, from the Institute of Education (IOE) funded by HSBC Global Education Programme. The work of the IOE Confucius Institute for Schools (IOE CI) has focussed predominantly on the development of Mandarin Chinese in secondary schools.
Mandarin Chinese for Primary Schools will extend this work to more primary schools in England and develop the most effective ways to teach Chinese language and culture at the primary level. There are currently over 5,600 pupils studying Chinese via IOE specialist centres of excellence, called 'Confucius Classrooms', across 37 schools around England and more than 1,500 pupils and their teachers have taken part in the IOE CI's Chinese language learning Summer Camps in China. HSBC's support for the Mandarin Chinese for Primary Schools project will extend provision for Mandarin Chinese language learning into the primary sector at more than 100 primary schools across the country. In the first year of the initiative, 30 primary schools will join the programme working with a network of secondary schools who already teach Mandarin Chinese under the provision of the IOE CI. Overall, the project will aim to reach 3500 children. Over the next five years the programme will extend to at least 120 primary schools across the country.
Schools benefitting from the project will be able to share resources and develop curricula with other teachers teaching Chinese in the primary sector Katharine Carruthers, Director, IOE Confucius Institute for Schools, said: 'Mandarin Chinese is one of the fastest growing languages in the world and it is crucial that the language is being taught effectively in schools around England. We're delighted that HSBC Global Education Programme is backing this initiative which will open up Chinese language and culture to children, parents and the wider community in the UK. This move will benefit many school communities who would not otherwise have the opportunity to study this subject.'
Robin Hood Primary School in Birmingham, Greasby Infant School in Merseyside and Rosendale Primary School in West Dulwich are three of the schools that are already signed up to take part in the programme. Kate Atkins, Head of School at Rosendale Primary said: 'It is so exciting to see that the importance of primary children learning Mandarin is being recognised. This will support schools to develop effective programmes and, more importantly, get children learning Mandarin.' Lorraine Thomas, Senior Manager, Global Education and UK Community Investment, HSBC, said: 'This is an exciting addition to our current support for the British Council's China programme. Since 2000, we have been working together with the Council to help young people learn Mandarin Chinese and also learn about the Chinese culture through projects such as Chinese Language Assistants teaching in UK schools; annual residential Summer Schools for 100 KS2 UK children held at boarding schools in the UK and the annual Mandarin Speaking competition for secondary school students.
The new IOE project provides more opportunities for young people to learn another language and about another culture and the importance of competing in a global economy. As a non-Asian student in the 1980s who graduated with a B.A.
In Chinese language and history, and an M.A. In East Asian Studies focused on classical Chinese literature, I became somewhat of a 'curiosity' for family and friends. Back then, China was only just starting to emerge from its isolation in the international community, and my own interest in studying Chinese raised many eyebrows - as if I were pursuing a subject which was way out on the fringe, and had little practical career applications. When I subsequently began my career in business after completing an M.B.A in the early 1990s, China was already starting to flex its commercial and political muscles on the international stage. However, even then, many of my acquaintances and colleagues still viewed my fluency in Chinese as not much more than an unusual topic for social conversation, and an ability that would enable me to order the best, most authentic food in Chinese restaurants.
That was then, this is now. In 2013, China's central and ever-growing role in international political and business affairs is both universally recognized, and constantly making headlines across the world. As a result, recent years have witnessed what can only be described as the full throes of Chinese-language 'fever' in the United States. Across our cities, Chinese language programs are rapidly emerging to address the needs of busy business professionals who are looking to fast-track a working competency in Chinese to more effectively build global business relationships. At the same time, Chinese language has become one of the fastest growing subjects in the educational sphere, with primary/secondary schools and colleges across the country rushing to add Chinese to their foreign language teaching rosters. From 1998 to 2009, U.S. College student enrollment in Chinese language classes more than doubled, as did the number of high school students taking the AP Chinese exam during the three year period from 2007-2010.
Federally-funded programs such as The Language Flagship have further spurred such growth through the implementation of intensive teaching methodologies and programs available at the K-12 and college/university levels. Against this backdrop, my own Chinese language fluency has suddenly placed me in the position of a trusted adviser for colleagues and students who are increasingly seeking me out for my input on how to best learn this language. So, from one long-term student of Chinese, to all those who aspire to achieve a working knowledge of this fascinating language, here are my top five insights: 1. Understand that Chinese, while difficult, can also be very easy to learn. Most people believe that Chinese is one of the most difficult languages in the world. In some senses, this is true.
The Chinese writing system is non-alphabetic, comprising thousands of pictographs called 'characters,' which need to be studied and internalized through rote memorization and constant reading and writing over a long period of time. Additionally, Chinese is a 'tonal' language, meaning that changing the shape of one's voice over a single syllable can actually generate multiple words with multiple meanings. The most famous example in Mandarin Chinese is the syllable 'ma' which, depending on how it is pronounced, might mean 'mother,' 'hemp,' 'horse,' or the verb 'to scold.' This is a feature of the spoken language which does not exist in the same form in Western languages, and therefore can pose great challenges to many non-Asian students.
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However, what most non-Chinese do not realize is that the language boasts one of the easiest grammars in the world. Sentence structure largely mirrors that of English (subject + verb + object). Verbs exist in a single form, with no conjugations whatsoever.
There is no gender, no plural nouns, and while mechanisms do exist to express tense (e.g. Past/present/future), they are much simpler than those of any Western language. North American students who are much more familiar with both Spanish and French would instantly find Chinese grammar refreshingly basic, and much more accessible than those languages. Learn Mandarin, not Cantonese. There are literally hundreds, if not thousands, of regional and local spoken Chinese dialects which have developed over the long period of China's classical history when transportation was rudimentary, broadcast media non-existent, and most people lived and died within a small radius of their birth places. Although speakers of all Chinese dialects share the same, non-phonetic written language, many of the dialects are mutually unintelligible when spoken, giving rise to the unique ability of Chinese speakers from different regions to write to each other, even when they cannot speak with each other. Among Chinese who have emigrated, the two most common spoken dialects are Mandarin and Cantonese.
Historically, Cantonese dominated within the largest Chinese communities in the United States and Canada due to a century of Chinese immigration rooted in the southern Chinese regions of Guangdong (Canton) Province and Hong Kong. However, with the recent massive influx of Mainland Chinese, Mandarin-speaking immigrants in the last 20+ years, Mandarin will soon match, and eventually overtake, Cantonese to become the dominant spoken Chinese dialect in North America. For non-Chinese seeking to learn the language, Mandarin is the clear choice. Mandarin, the predominant dialect in Northern China, is the official language of politics, education, and media in both Mainland China and Taiwan, and it is one of the four official languages of Singapore. Even in Hong Kong, which historically has been a Cantonese-speaking area, Mandarin use is now ubiquitous since the return of China's sovereignty in 1997. In Mainland China, the Chinese word for 'Mandarin' translates as the 'common language,' and outside of the Mainland it is most often referred to as the 'national language' - both these terms are indicative of the broad reach which a competency in Mandarin can afford a speaker.
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Fortunately, for students of Chinese, Mandarin is also arguably the easiest of all the Chinese dialects to learn, owing to a 'tonal' structure which is much simpler than that of Cantonese and most other dialects. Speak first, then decide if you need to read and write. Given the complexity of the Chinese written language, contrasted to the comparative simplicity of the grammar, prospective students of Chinese would do well to focus on learning to speak first, and only then tackle the written language if their studies or business require them to do so. While the tonal character of the spoken language is a challenge, this can be mastered fairly quickly, in contrast to the many years needed to achieve a working familiarity with the several thousand written characters that most educated Chinese adults have learned.
Of course, most Chinese language programs simultaneously teach both the spoken and written language. It is up to the individual student to decide where to emphasize his or her needs. If you do decide to write Chinese, consider learning 'simplified' characters. There are two major Chinese writing systems currently in use in the world - 'traditional' or 'complicated' Chinese characters, and 'simplified' Chinese characters.
Traditional characters are the characters which evolved from ancient Chinese pictographs, and which have been used throughout most of Chinese history to modern times. Many of these characters are, at the same time, both beautiful and complex, requiring students of Chinese to spend many hours and nights practicing intricate 'stroke orders' to properly form words. Beginning in the middle of last century, the government in Mainland China began to promulgate an alternate system of Chinese writing called 'simplified' characters in an effort to dramatically increase written literacy throughout the country. For many characters, this system significantly reduces the number of brush or pen strokes required to form specific words, thereby enabling students to more quickly commit the characters to memory. Today, simplified characters are the official script of both Mainland China and Singapore, while traditional characters are still the norm in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and within most Chinese immigrant communities throughout the world. While I would still encourage students of Chinese who intend to spend many years developing and refining their abilities to begin by learning traditional characters (and only then overlay a knowledge of simplified characters), anyone seeking to accelerate his or her acquisition of the written language would do well to begin with the simplified script.
Take your studies seriously. Unlike many Western languages which share some common linguistic roots with English and which can often be learned fairly quickly with a large amount of self-study, acquiring a basic competency in a language as different from English as Chinese requires a high level of commitment and perseverance.
Practically speaking, this means that: Unless you have an unusual aptitude for learning foreign languages, you probably won't learn Chinese in a once-a-week, one-hour private session. Rather, start by looking for an established Chinese language program or workshop. Universities and dedicated language schools are a good place to start.
Some colleges even offer intensive courses that cram a full year of basic Chinese into 4-8 weeks. Do your homework to find the best program. If you still seek a tutorial, merely looking for a native speaker of Chinese to study with does not always mean you will obtain the best instruction. Chinese immigrants constitute the single largest Asian American population, representing 3+ million people nationwide, many of whom would be happy to teach new students of Chinese. However, teaching Western students to overcome the unique hurdles of the language is a special skill.
If you decide on private lessons, look for a native-speaker with proven professional or private teaching credentials, as well as a roster of former student references. Finally, practice, practice, practice. The good news is that those 3+ million Chinese Americans are our neighbors. Once you have developed basic conversational skills, go into the top Chinese communities of our country and speak.
Order a lunch, buy a book, chit-chat about the weather, or ask for directions - even if you don't need any! Westerners who have mastered Chinese will also unanimously confirm that real fluency comes only when one has spent some time in a Chinese-speaking region of Asia. So, get ready for your next business trip, take advantage of the many short-term or long-term Chinese language courses available in China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, or Singapore, or just plan a personal or family adventure to Asia. One of those very famous Chinese sayings says, 'A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.' Well, it definitely does not need to take a 'thousand miles' to learn Chinese, but now, more than ever, is the time for more Americans to take that first step.
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